In Chimpanzee societies, the males create the core of the group while females are able to come and go. The way the society itself is set up also allows for females to gain this dominance. Thus creating dominant females within the society. The sex-for-food exchange with other females functions as a tension reducing technique and creates long term, strong relationships, in which both parties are able to jointly raise their status over males. This sex is not limited to just males, females use this technique with other females in the group as well. This exchange involves a female taking control over a certain food resource by with-holding or giving sex. Females are able to have control over food resources using a "sex-for-food" exchange.
Unlike Chimpanzee societies where there is a dominant male, females in a Bonobo society can often have control, especially when food and sex are in question. Dominanceĭominance, although not a main component to the group's social life, does play a small role. Males will also leave the group when certain foods, depending on the season, become scarce thus leaving only the core members. In a smaller group it is normal to see the majority of it populated by females with only a couple of males or none at all. Females and their young make up the core of the groups, while the male number varies depending on the size of the group and the season. If one sex were to out number the other in the group, it would be the females. The average large group of Bonobos contains a relatively equal number of both males and females. Bonobos, when compared to Chimpanzee's, have narrower chests, smaller, elongated and shorter forelimbs and hindlimbs. The Bonobo's overall more gracile build can be attributed to it's skeletal make up. In comparison to the Chimpanzee's skull, the Bonobo has a relatively smaller brain case meaning a smaller cranial capacity. The skull does not however show any signs of or that is sometimes observed in Chimpanzees and almost always in Gorillas. As a result, they found that it exhibits some paedomorphism or youthful traits maintained through out life. This lead anthropologists to further research on the Bonobo's skull. The skull shows some resemblance to that of a Chimpanzee adolescent. If placed next to a Chimpanzee, it would become very apparent that the Bonobo has a slighter more gracile build. When compared to Chimpanzees, the Bonobo has less prognathism, in other words, it's face is flatter. The hair on the top of it's head tends to flair out just above it's ears.
An easy way to recognize the Bonobo from the Chimpanzee is to refer to it's hair.
#Last ape pygmy chimpanzee behavior and ecology skin#
At birth the Bonobo has darker skin and entirely black fur, and this remains this way until old age, when some gray begins to appear. Despite the small difference in weight, when standing erectly both sexes are about the same height. The male weighs an average of about 39 kg and the female about 31 kg. This species of ape, unlike others, has very little. Due to this form of walking and the extensive arboreal lifestyle it leads, the fingers and toes of the Bonobo are slightly curved. Rather than walking on the palm of it's hands the Bonobo puts all of it's weight onto it's knuckles, thus termed: knuckle walking. A unique feature to this quadruped's walking is in the use of it's knuckles.
The Bonobo is a quadruped, meaning that it walks on all four limbs rather than two like the Homo sapien. According to Mitochondrial DNA research the Chimpanzee and Bonobo species likely split from each other about 1.5 to 2 million years ago. However the Bonobo is in fact an entirely separate species from the Chimpanzee, in fact it is as closely related to them as humans are.
The study found the latter to be more gracile in comparison to the former, thus the name was given. The pygmy portion of the name was given after a study of a Chimpanzee's bones and a Bonobo's bones. The Bonobo has commonly been linked to the chimpanzee as a "Pygmy Chimpanzee", however this classification has been deteriorating in use due to the fact that the name gives false implications about the species.
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